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Clinical Studies
Abstracts are presented below for clinical
studies on Hemidesmus Indicus.
Plant Phytonutrient Profile
1: Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007
Oct;21(5):507/14.
Inhibitory effect of Hemidesmus indicus and its active principle 2/hydroxy
4/methoxy benzoic acid on ethanol/induced liver injury.
Saravanan N, Nalini N.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai
University, Annamalainagar / 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
The study evaluates the inhibitory activity of ethanolic root extract of
Hemidesmus indicus (H. indicus) and its active principle 2/hydroxy 4/methoxy
benzoic acid (HMBA) on liver fibrotic markers and characteristics such as
collagen content, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in ethanol/fed rats.
Experimental groups were control, H. indicus (500 mg/kg body weight every day
during the last 30 days), HMBA (200 mug/kg body weight every day during the last
30 days), alcohol (5 g/kg body weight by intragastric intubation everyday, i.e.
throughout the experimental period of 60 days), alcohol plus H. indicus and
alcohol plus HMBA. Ethanol administration significantly increased the levels of
liver collagen and hydroxy proline content, cross/linked fluorescence, shrinkage
temperature and lipid peroxidation and significantly decreased the solubility of
liver collagen and the ascorbic acid content when compared with control rats. On
treatment with H. indicus and HMBA the ethanol/fed rats showed significantly
reduced levels of liver collagen and hydroxyproline content, cross/linked
fluorescence, shrinkage temperature and lipid peroxidation and enhanced
solubility of liver collagen and ascorbic acid levels when compared with
untreated ethanol/fed rats. MMPs were extracted from the liver of control, H.
indicus/treated, HMBA/treated, ethanol/administered, ethanol with H.
indicus/coadministered and ethanol with HMBA/coadministered rats. The inhibition
was analyzed by gelatin zymography and the percentage of expression was
determined by a gel documentation system. The activities of MMPs 2 and 9 were
significantly increased in ethanol/supplemented rats. Cotreatment of H.
indicus/HMBA with ethanol showed significantly decreased activities of these
enzymes when compared with those of the untreated rats. H. indicus/HMBA alone
treatment showed no such significant alterations. Thus, our present study
reveals
the strong inhibitory activity of H. indicus and HMBA on the quantitative and
qualitative properties of hepatic collagen and also MMPs involved in the
extracellular matrix degradation during ethanol intoxication.
PMID: 17868203 [PubMed / in process]
2: Phytother Res. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]
Protective role of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root extract against Salmonella
typhimurium/induced cytotoxicity in Int 407 cell line.
Das S, Devaraj SN.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai/600
025,
India.
The present investigation deals with the effect of the chloroform fraction
composed of sterols and fatty acids isolated from Hemidesmus indicus root
extract
(CHI) on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)/induced
cytotoxicity in a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Int 407). The optimum
dose was fixed as 100 microg/mL for CHI against S. typhimurium, which was quite
safe for Int 407 cells as the CD(50) concentration (50% cell death) of CHI was
determined to be 500 microg/mL in the Int 407 cell line. CHI/treated S.
typhimurium were 10/fold less cytotoxic and 40% less adherent to host cells than
wild/type. Treatment of CHI significantly abrogated the invasion ability to 10/
to 15/fold in S. typhimurium. The cells infected with CHI/treated S. typhimurium
had a comparable viability to uninfected cells in the epithelial cell detachment
assay. Immunofluorescence showed the CHI/treated bacteria were unhealthy and
shrunken rods in comparison with the wild/type bacteria; those were firmly
attached and invaded to deceased and hypertrophoid Int 407 cells. Transmission
electron micrographs of Int 407 cells infected with wild bacteria showed a coat
of adherent and invaded bacteria completely occupying the cytoplasm with
characteristic Salmonella/containing vacuoles (SCV). Both necrotic and apoptotic
type of cell death were observed in cells infected with wild/type bacteria,
whereas most of the cells infected with treated bacteria were normal in
morphology and a few had invaded bacteria, but the typical proliferated SCV was
not observed in cells infected with CHI/treated S. typhimurium. In summary, the
sterols and fatty acids present in CHI may be capable of taming S. typhimurium
by
suppressing its cytotoxic activity in an intestinal epithelial cell line.
Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 17685386 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
3: J Chem Neuroanat. 2007 Nov;34(3/4):128/33. Epub 2007 Jun 2.
Ethanolic extract from Hemidesmus indicus (Linn) displays otoprotectant
activities on organotypic cultures without interfering on gentamicin uptake.
Previati M, Corbacella E, Astolfi L, Catozzi M, Khan MT, Lampronti I, Gambari R,
Capitani S, Martini A.
Department of Morphology and Embryology, Human Anatomy Division, University of
Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
The ethanolic extract from Hemidesmus indicus (Linn) (Apocynaceae) (Hie) was
studied for its otoprotective effects in ex vivo rat organotypic model of
gentamicin (GM) toxicity. In organ of Corti organotypic cultures (OC), GM can
induce a fast dose/dependent apoptosis of hair cells (HC), both external and
internal. We found that, after coadministration of GM and Hie to organotypic
cultures, the extract was able to significantly counteract this toxic effect on
HC, at the concentration of 25 and 50mug/ml. Interestingly, at these
concentrations the extract was present in the cell medium at a concentration
1.6/
and 3.3/fold lower than GM, suggesting its otoprotective activity could not
merely due to an aspecific inhibition of GM entry. To support this hypothesis,
we
evaluated the amount of GM present in organotypic cultures after the
coadministration of 1.5mg/ml GM and Hie, and found no significant reduction of
GM
uptake in the presence of 100mug/ml Hie. These data suggest the otoprotective
action of Hie derives from specific inhibition of the apoptotic routine induced
by GM treatment.
PMID: 17640851 [PubMed / in process]
4: Glycoconj J. 2007 Nov;24(8):497/507. Epub 2007 May 25.
Inhibition of galectin/3 mediated cellular interactions by pectic
polysaccharides
from dietary sources.
Sathisha UV, Jayaram S, Harish Nayaka MA, Dharmesh SM.
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research
Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India, shylaakshu@yahoo.com.
Pectic polysaccharides from dietary sources such as Decalepis hamiltonii/swallow
root (SRPP), Hemidesmus indicus (HPP), Nigella sativa/black cumin (BCPP),
Andrographis serpyllifolia/(APP), Zingiber officinale/ginger (GRPP) and, citrus
pectin (CPP) were examined for galectin inhibitory activity. Inhibition of (a)
galectin/3 of MDA/MB/231 cells induced hemagglutination of red blood cells; (b)
galectin/3 mediated interaction between normal/metastatic human buccal cells
(NBC)/(MBC) and; (c) invasion of MDA/MB/231 and MBC in the invasive chamber was
assessed. Results indicated that SRPP inhibited hemagglutination at Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 1.86 mug ml(/1) equivalent of carbohydrate as
apposed to those of BCPP (130 mug ml(/1)), APP (40 mug ml(/1)), HPP (40 mug
ml(/1)) and CPP (25 mug ml(/1)). GRPP even at concentration >1/6 mg ml(/1) did
not inhibit agglutination. Also SRPP showed approximately 15 and 2 fold potent
anti hemagglutination activity relative to that of galectin/3 specific
sugars/galactose (MIC/27.1 mug ml(/1)) and lactose (MIC/4.16 mug ml(/1))
respectively. Further, SRPP at 10 mug ml(/1) inhibited agglutination of NBC by
galectin/3 of MDA/MB/231 cells. Modified swallow root pectic polysaccharide
(MSRPP) of 50 kDa retained anti hemagglutination activity (MIC of 1.03 mug
ml(/1)) and inhibited MDA/MB/231 and MBC invasion by 73 and 50% with an IC(50)
of
136 and 200 mug ml(/1) respectively. Both SRPP and MSRPP induced apoptosis up to
80% at 100 mug ml(/1) concentration by activating approximately 2 and 8 folds of
Caspase/3 activity. Sugar composition analysis and its correlation with the
galectin inhibitory property indicated that pectic polysaccharides with higher
arabinose and galactose content/arabinogalactan inhibited hemagglutination
significantly.
PMID: 17525829 [PubMed / in process]
5: Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;29(2):79/92.
Antibacterial properties of traditionally used Indian medicinal plants.
Aqil F, Ahmad I.
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,
India.
In search of broad/spectrum antibacterial activity from traditionally used
Indian
medicinal plants, 66 ethanolic plant extracts were screened against nine
different bacteria. Of these, 39 extracts demonstrated activity against six or
more test bacteria. Twelve extracts showing broad/spectrum activity were tested
against specific multidrug/resistant (MDR) bacteria, methicillin/resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta/lactamases
(ESbetaL)/producing enteric bacteria. In vitro efficacy was expressed in terms
of
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of plant extracts. MIC values
ranged from 0.32/7.5 mg/ml against MRSA and 0.31/6.25 mg/ml against
ESbetaL/producing enteric bacteria. The overall activity against all groups of
bacteria was found in order of Plumbago zeylanica > Hemidesmus indicus > Acorus
calamus > Camellia sinensis > Terminalia chebula > Terminalia bellerica >
Holarrhena antidysenterica > Lawsonia inermis > Mangifera indica > Punica
granatum > Cichorium intybus and Delonix regia. In addition, these extracts
showed synergistic interaction with tetracycline, chloramphenicol and
ciprofloxacin against S. aureus and/or Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extracts
of more than 12 plants were found nontoxic to sheep erythrocytes and
nonmutagenic, determined by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium test strains
(TA 97a, TA 100, TA 102 and TA 104). Based on above properties, six
plants/Plumbago zeylanica, Hemidesmus indicus, Acorus calamus, Punica granatum,
Holarrhena antidysenterica and Delonix regia/were further subjected to
fractionation/based study. Ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of more
than six plants indicated that the active phytocompounds were distributed mainly
into acetone and ethyl acetate fractions, whereas they were least prevalent in
methanol fractions as evident from their antibacterial activity against MDR
bacteria. Gram/positive and Gram/negative MDR bacteria are almost equally
sensitive to these extracts/fractions, indicating their broad/spectrum nature.
However, strain/ and plant extract/dependent variations in the antibacterial
activity were also evident. Time/kill assay with the most promising plant
fraction Plumbago zeylanica (ethyl acetate fraction) demonstrated killing of
test
bacteria at the level lower than its MIC. Further, identification of active
constituents in each fraction and their additive and synergistic interactions
are
needed to exploit them in evaluating efficacy and safety in vivo against MDR
bacteria. Copyright 2007 Prous Science.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 17440624 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
6: J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;59(3):445/53.
Antioxidant effect of 2/hydroxy/4/methoxy benzoic acid on ethanol/induced
hepatotoxicity in rats.
Saravanan N, Rajasankar S, Nalini N.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai
University, Annamalai nagar/608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common diseases in society. A
large number of studies are in progress to identify natural substances that are
effective in reducing the severity of ALD. 2/Hydroxy/4/methoxy benzoic acid
(HMBA), the active principle of Hemidesmus indicus, an indigenous Ayurvedic
medicinal plant in India, is expected to significantly inhibit the development
of
liver injury in ethanol administration. It is expected to reduce the severity of
liver damage in terms of body weight, hepatic marker enzymes, oxidative stress,
antioxidant status and histological changes in ethanol/induced hepatotoxic rats.
Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering 20% ethanol (5 g kg(/1) daily) for
60
days to male Wistar rats, which resulted in significantly decreased body weight
and an increase in liver/body weight ratio. The liver marker enzymes aspartate
transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma/glutamyl
transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated. In addition, the levels
of plasma, erythrocyte and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,
hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were also elevated in ethanol/fed rats as
compared with those of the experimental control rats. Decreased activity of
superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione,
vitamin C and alpha/tocopherol was also observed on alcohol administration as
compared with experimental control rats. HMBA was co/administered at a dose of
200 mug kg(/1) daily for the last 30 days of the experiment to rats with
alcohol/induced liver injury, which significantly increased body weight,
significantly decreased the liver/body weight ratio, transaminases, alkaline
phosphatase, gamma/glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase,
significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidative markers, significantly
elevated the activity of enzymic and non/enzymic antioxidants in plasma,
erythrocytes and liver and also increased levels of plasma and liver vitamin C
and alpha/tocopherol at the end of the experimental period as compared with
untreated ethanol/administered rats. The histological changes were also in
correlation with the biochemical findings. The results suggest that HMBA
administration may afford protection against ethanol/induced liver injury in
rats.
PMID: 17331349 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
7: Phytomedicine. 2007 Sep;14(9):637/43. Epub 2007 Feb 12.
Viper and cobra venom neutralization by beta/sitosterol and stigmasterol
isolated
from the root extract of Pluchea indica Less. (Asteraceae).
Gomes A, Saha A, Chatterjee I, Chakravarty AK.
Laboratory of Toxinology and Experimental Pharmacodynamics, Department of
Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
agomes_cu@rediffmail.com
We reported previously that the methanolic root extract of the Indian medicinal
plant Pluchea indica Less. (Asteraceae) could neutralize viper venom/induced
action [Alam, M.I., Auddy, B., Gomes, A., 1996. Viper venom neutralization by
Indian medicinal plant (Hemidesmus indicus and P. indica) root extracts.
Phytother. Res. 10, 58/61]. The present study reports the neutralization of
viper
and cobra venom by beta/sitosterol and stigmasterol isolated from the root
extract of P. indica Less. (Asteraceae). The active fraction (containing the
major compound beta/sitosterol and the minor compound stigmasterol) was isolated
and purified by silica gel column chromatography and the structure was
determined
using spectroscopic analysis (EIMS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR). Anti/snake venom
activity was studied in experimental animals. The active fraction was found to
significantly neutralize viper venom/induced lethal, hemorrhagic,
defibrinogenation, edema and PLA(2) activity. Cobra venom/induced lethality,
cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory changes and PLA(2) activity were also
antagonized by the active component. It potentiated commercial snake venom
antiserum action against venom/induced lethality in male albino mice. The active
fraction could antagonize venom/induced changes in lipid peroxidation and
superoxide dismutase activity. This study suggests that beta/sitosterol and
stigmasterol may play an important role, along with antiserum, in neutralizing
snake venom/induced actions.
PMID: 17293096 [PubMed / in process]
8: Biotechnol J. 2006 Oct;1(10):1093/102.
Evaluation of anti/methicillin/resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity
and synergy of some bioactive plant extracts.
Aqil F, Ahmad I, Owais M.
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,
India. f_aqil@yahoo.com
Anti/methicillin/resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of ethanolic
extracts of four medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus (rhizome) Hemidesmus
indicus (stem), Holarrhena antidysenterica (bark), and Plumbago zeylanica
(root),
were detected with inhibition zone size ranged from 11 to 44 mm and minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied from 0.32 to 3.25 mg/mL. Further, ethyl
acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of above plants demonstrated
antibacterial activity. The potency of these fractions based on zone of
inhibition and MIC value was relatively higher in P. zeylanica (ethylacetate
fraction), followed by acetone fractions of H. indicus, A. calamus, and H.
antidysenterica. Time kill assay with most promising fractions of these plant
extracts, demonstrated concentration/dependent killing of MRSA within 9/12 h of
incubation. Interestingly, synergistic interaction among alcoholic extracts and
some fractions of above four plants was evident against MRSA. Further,
synergistic interaction of these extracts was detected with one or more
antibiotics tested (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and
ceftidizime). The findings also validate the traditional uses of above plants
against infectious diseases. Phytochemical studies demonstrated flavonoids and
phenols as major active constituents. Further investigations are needed to
characterize the active principle and its interaction mechanism with
antibiotics.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 17004300 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
9: Microbiol Res. 2007;162(3):264/75. Epub 2006 Jul 27.
In vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal plants against
ESbetaL/producing multidrug/resistant enteric bacteria.
Ahmad I, Aqil F.
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India. iqbalahmad8@yahoo.co.in
Alcoholic crude extracts and some fractions from 15 traditionally used Indian
medicinal plants were investigated for their ability to inhibit the growth of
extended spectrum beta/lactamases (ESbetaL)/producing multidrug/resistant
enteric
bacteria. The test bacteria Eschrichia coli and Shigella were resistant to 16/23
antibiotics with intermediate or resistance to beta/lactams (minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) value range 16/1024 microg/ml). The crude plant extracts
demonstrated zone of inhibition in the range of 11/29 mm against one or more
test
bacteria. On the basis of promising activity, 12 plants were selected to
determine their efficacy in terms of MIC, which ranged from 0.64 mg/ml to 10.24
mg/ml. The extracts of Acorus calamus, Hemidesmus indicus, Holarrhena
antidysenterica and Plumbago zeylanica demonstrated relatively high activity as
compared to other plant extracts and were fractionated into acetone, ethyl
acetate and methanol. Acetone fraction in most of the cases exhibited higher
potency (low MIC value) as compared to ethyl acetate and methanol fraction.
However, in Plumbago zeylanica, ethyl acetate fraction was most active.
Synergistic interactions among crude extracts were demonstrated in the 12
different combinations against ESbetaL/producing E. coli (ESbetaL/02). Certain
combinations exhibited significant synergy with enlargement of combined
inhibition zone size by 5 mm. Interaction of crude extracts with five
antibiotics
(Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and streptomycin)
demonstrated synergistic interaction with tetracycline and ciprofloxacin by 10
and 3 plant extracts respectively. Phytochemical analysis and thin layer
chromatography (TLC) bioautography of crude extracts showed the presence of
alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids as active phytoconstituents. Most active
fractions of four plants were subjected to Infrared spectroscopy and the major
groups of compounds were detected. The plant extracts were further tested for
their in vitro haemolytic activity to sheep erythrocytes and demonstrated no
haemolysis at recommended doses. Further activity/guided fractionation of active
fractions is needed to isolate and characterize the active principle in order to
establish the mode of action against the ESbetaL/producing multidrug/resistant
enteric bacteria and the mechanism of synergy.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16875811 [PubMed / in process]
10: Phytother Res. 2006 Sep;20(9):784/93.
Glycosides derived from Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root inhibit adherence of
Salmonella typhimurium to host cells: receptor mimicry.
Das S, Devaraj SN.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai/600
025,
India. saritadas7@yahoo.com
For centuries, indigenous plants have been used against enteritis but their
molecular targets and mode of action remain obscure. The present study was
carried out to elucidate the protective and therapeutic role, if any, of
glycosides from Hemidesmus indicus against S. typhimurium/induced pathogenesis.
Studies were carried out in a human intestinal cell line (Int 407) and a murine
macrophage cell line (P388D1) in order to evaluate its potency in local as well
as systemic infections. The inhibitory role of the glycosides present in
Hemidesmus indicus root extract (GHI) were tested by pre/coating the cells (both
Int 407 and P388D1) with GHI prior to infection, and by neutralizing the
wild/type bacteria with GHI before cell infection. In both cases, GHI protected
the host cells from the cytotoxic effects of the wild S. typhimurium. This
suggests that the biologically significant sugars (hexose, hexosamine, fucose
and
sialic acid etc) present in GHI might be mimicking host cell receptor
saccharides
and thereby blocking the bacterial ligands from binding to the host cells. Int
407 cells infected with wild/type bacteria had a diffused adherence pattern
after
4 h incubation, but this typical character was not observed in cells infected
with GHI/treated bacteria and the cells were normal in appearance at 4 h. After
18 h cells infected with wild/type bacteria were hypertrophoid with a
disintegrated membrane and wrapped in a bacterial coat, whereas cells infected
with treated bacteria had comparatively less morphological changes and few
defective shrunken rods adhered locally. This suggests that the glycosides can
change the adherence pattern of S. typhimurium from diffused to local. Treated
bacteria had less adherence and invasion capability in Int 407 as well as P388D1
cells. The results show the decreased ability of adherence of GHI/treated S.
typhimurium was due to a loss of surface hydrophobicity. A nonspecific binding
between S. typhimurium and the glycosides was confirmed using ELISA. In summary,
the glycosides of H. indicus root inhibited S. typhimurium induced pathogenesis
nonspecifically, by reducing bacterial surface hydrophobicity and perhaps also
by
mimicking host cell receptors, thereby blocking its attachment to host cell and
further pathological effects. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16807882 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
11: Med Chem. 2005 Jul;1(4):327/33.
Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions between
nuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF/kappaB binding sites.
Lampronti I, Khan MT, Bianchi N, Ather A, Borgatti M, Vizziello L, Fabbri E,
Gambari R.
ER/GenTech, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara
University,
Via L. Borsari, 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Several medicinal plants can be employed to produce extracts exhibiting
biological effects. The aim of this work was to verify the ability of extracts
derived from different medicinal plants of Bangladesh in interfering with
specific DNA/protein interactions. The rationale for this study is based on the
observation that alteration of gene transcription represents a very promising
approach to control the expression of selected genes and could be obtained using
different molecules acting on the interactions between DNA and transcription
factors (TFs). We have analysed the antiproliferative activity of extracts from
the medicinal plants Hemidesmus indicus, Polyalthia longifolia, Aphanamixis
polystachya, Moringa oleifera, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Paederia foetida, Cassia
sophera, Hygrophila auriculata and Ocimum sanctum. Antiproliferative activity
was
assayed on different human cell lines, including erythroleukemia K562,
B/lymphoid
Raji, T/lymphoid Jurkat and erythroleukemia HEL cell lines. We employed the
electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) as a suitable technique for the
identification of plant extracts altering the binding between transcription
factors and the specific DNA elements. We found that low concentrations of
Hemidesmus indicus, Polyalthia longifolia, Moringa oleifera and Lagerstroemia
speciosa, and very low concentrations of Aphanamixis polystachya extracts
inhibit
the interactions between nuclear factors and target DNA elements mimicking
sequences recognized by the nuclear factor kappaB (NF/kappaB). On the contrary,
high amount of extracts from Paederia foetida, Cassia sophera, Hygrophila
auriculata or Ocimum sanctum were unable to inhibit NF/kappaB/DNA interactions.
Extracts inhibiting both NF/kappaB binding activity and tumor cell growth might
be a source for anti/tumor compounds, while extracts inhibiting NF/kappaB/DNA
interactions with lower effects on cell growth, could be of interest in the
search of compounds active in inflammatory diseases, for which inhibition of
NF/kappaB binding activity without toxic effects should be obtained.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16789890 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
12: Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 May;44(5):399/402.
Hepatoprotective activity of Hemidesmus indicus R. br. in rats.
Baheti JR, Goyal RK, Shah GB.
K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near GH/6, Sector/23,
Gandhinagar 382 023, India.
Treatment of rats with paracetamol and CCl4 produced a significant increase in
the levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate
oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and direct
bilirubin. Rats pretreated with methanolic extract of roots of H. indicus
(100/500 mg/kg body weight, po) exhibited rise in the levels of these enzymes
but
it was significantly less as compared to those treated with paracetamol or CCl4
alone. The results of methanolic extract of H. indicus were comparable with the
standard hepatoprotective agent silymarin (100 mg/kg). Maximum hepatoprotective
effect was found to be at the dose of 250 mg/kg body weight in case of CCl4
induced hepatic damage while 500 mg/kg body weight in case of paracetamol
induced
hepatic damage. The results suggest that methanolic extract of H. indicus roots
possesses a potential antihepatotoxic activity.
PMID: 16708894 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
13: J Carcinog. 2006 May 9;5:11.
A long/term investigation of the anti/hepatocarcinogenic potential of an
indigenous medicine comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax
glabra.
Iddamaldeniya SS, Thabrew MI, Wickramasinghe SM, Ratnatunge N, Thammitiyagodage
MG.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sri
Jayawardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. amalr@sltnet.lk
BACKGROUND: A decoction comprised of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus
root bark and Smilax glabra rhizome is being recommended for cancer patients by
a
family of traditional medical practitioners of Sri Lanka. Previous
investigations
have demonstrated that a short term (10 weeks) treatment with the decoction can
significantly inhibit diethylnitrosamine (DEN) mediated expression of
Glutathione
S/transferase P form (GST/P) in rat liver. The objective of the present
investigation was to determine whether long term (16 months) treatment with the
decoction would be successful in inhibiting in rat livers, not only DEN/
mediated
expression of GST/P, but also the carcinogen mediated development of overt
tumours (OT) or histopathological changes leading to tumour development (HT).
METHODS: Thirty/six male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 12 each.
Groups 1 and 2 were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with DEN (200 mg/kg) while
group 3 was injected normal saline (NS). Twenty/four hours later, decoction (DC;
6 g/kg body weight/day) was orally administered to group 1 rats, while groups 2
and 3 (DEN/control and normal control) were given distilled water (DW).
Treatment
with DC or DW continued for 16 months. At the end of the 9th month and 16th
months (study 1 and study 2 respectively), six rats from each group were
sacrificed, and livers observed for OT or HT, both visually and by subjecting
liver sections to staining with Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H & E), Sweet's Silver
stain (for reticulin fibers), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining (for
glycogen),
and immunohistochemical staining (for GST/P). RESULTS: At the end of 9 months
(study 1) a hepatocellular adenoma (HA) developed in one of the rats in the DEN
+
DW treated group (group 2). At the end of 16 months (study 2), livers of all
rats
of group 2 developed OT and HT. Large areas of GST/P positive foci were also
observed. No OT, HT or GST/P positive foci were detected in any of the other
groups. CONCLUSION: Protection against DEN/mediated carcinogenic changes in rat
liver can be achieved by long term treatment with the DC comprised of N. sativa
seeds, S. glabra rhizome and H. indicus root bark.
PMID: 16684351 [PubMed]
14: Phytother Res. 2006 May;20(5):416/21.
Antienterobacterial activity of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root extract.
Das S, Devaraj SN.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India.
The antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of
Hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and
different
enterobacterial strains. Although the constituents were similar in the
chloroform
extract (CHI) and the fatty substance separated (ME1) from the methanol extract
(MHI), ME1 was found to be more effective than CHI as evident from the disc
diffusion method. ME1 was found to be more active than MHI, followed by CHI.
This
may be due to the inefficient diffusion of CHI into the medium. In a modified
agar well diffusion and swab method the activity of the extract against
different
strains was observed in a single plate. The extracts inhibited growth in a dose
dependent manner; both MHI and CHI were most effective against S. flexneri,
least
effective against S. dysenterie and moderately effective against the other
strains. The presence of antimicrobial trace elements such as copper and zinc,
along with other active constituents may contribute to the antienterobacterial
activity of Hemidesmus indicus root. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16619372 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
15: J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jun 15;106(1):38/43. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
Daboia russellii and Naja kaouthia venom neutralization by lupeol acetate
isolated from the root extract of Indian sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.
Chatterjee I, Chakravarty AK, Gomes A.
Laboratory of Toxinology and Experimental Pharmacodynamics, Department of
Physiology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta 700009, India.
The present study reports the isolation and purification of lupeol acetate from
the methanolic root extract of Indian medicinal plant Hemidesmus indicus (L.)
R.Br. (family: Asclepiadaceae) which could neutralize venom induced action of
Daboia russellii and Naja kaouthia on experimental animals. Lupeol acetate could
significantly neutralize lethality, haemorrhage, defibrinogenation, edema,
PLA(2)
activity induced by Daboia russellii venom. It also neutralized Naja kaouthia
venom induced lethality, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and respiratory changes
in
experimental animals. Lupeol acetate potentiated the protection by snake venom
antiserum action against Daboia russellii venom induced lethality in male albino
mice. Venom induced changes in lipid peroxidation and super oxide dismutase
activity was antagonized by lupeol acetate. Snake venom neutralization by lupeol
acetate and its possible mechanism of action has been discussed.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16426782 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
16: Phytother Res. 2005 May;19(5):387/90.
Radiation protection of DNA and membrane in vitro by extract of Hemidesmus
indicus.
Shetty TK, Satav JG, Nair CK.
Radiation Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
Radioprotective effect of H. indicus root extract on lipid peroxidation in rat
liver microsomes and plasmid DNA was examined. Hemidesmus indicus (HI) root
extract was found to protect microsomal membranes as evident from reduction in
lipid peroxidation values. The extract could also protect DNA from radiation
induced strand breaks. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 16106384 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
17: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 14;102(2):298/301. Epub 2005 Aug 2.
Antinociceptive activity of alcoholic extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. in
mice.
Verma PR, Joharapurkar AA, Chatpalliwar VA, Asnani AJ.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagpur, Nagpur 440009, MH, India.
prashantkverma@rediffmail.com
The ethanolic extract of roots of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. (family:
Asclepiadaceae) was investigated for possible antinociceptive effect in mice.
Three models were used to study the effects of extracts on nociception, which
was
induced, by acetic acid (Writhing test), formalin (Paw licking test) and hot
plate test in mice. Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. extract was administered in the
dose
range of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg orally 1h prior to pain induction. The preliminary
phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of triterpenes,
flavonoids, pregnane glycosides and steroids. Oral administration of Hemidesmus
indicus extract revealed dose/dependent antinociceptive effect in all the models
for antinociception and it blocked both the neurogenic and inflammatory pain and
the nociceptive activity was comparable with the reference drug. The results
indicate that alcoholic extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. possesses a
significant antinociceptive activity. The activity can be related with the
significant phytochemicals such as triterpenes, flavonoids, and sterols reported
in the root extract.
PMID: 16081231 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
18: Life Sci. 2005 Aug 5;77(12):1319/30.
Cytotoxic effects of a decoction of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and
Smilax
glabra on human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
Thabrew MI, Mitry RR, Morsy MA, Hughes RD.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
A decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus root and Smilax glabra
rhizome is used by traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka to treat
cancer
and has been shown to prevent chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. The
cytotoxicity of the decoction and the individual plant extracts were tested on
the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. The effects of 24 h incubation with
different
concentrations (0//50 mg/ml) of the extracts on HepG2 cells were determined.
Results from MTT and SRB assays, and [(14)C]/leucine and [(3)H]/thymidine uptake
demonstrated that the decoction had a strong dose/dependent cytotoxic activity.
The greatest inhibitory effects were observed on DNA synthesis with both the
decoction (91+//S.E. 3.7% inhibition) and N. sativa plant extract (88+//3.8%)
even at low concentrations (5 mg/ml). The three individual plant extracts were
cytotoxic in the order of potency N. sativa>H. indicus>S. glabra. Flow
cytometric
analysis using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining showed that after 24 h
exposure to the decoction, cells were in the late stage of apoptosis and/or
necrosis. Further experiments are worthwhile to determine the anticancer
potential of this plant decoction and its components.
PMID: 15916774 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
19: Chemosphere. 2005 Jan;58(4):507/14.
Potential of Hemidesmus indicus for phytoextraction of lead from industrially
contaminated soils.
Chandra Sekhar K, Kamala CT, Chary NS, Balaram V, Garcia G.
Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Division, Discovery Lab, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. kavi@iict.res.in
Many sites in the industrial region of Kattedan near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
(AP), India are contaminated with high concentrations of lead. The use of plants
to remove toxic metals from soils (phytoremediation) is emerging as a potential
strategy for cost/effective and environmentally sound remediation of
contaminated
soils. We studied remediation of soils contaminated with lead using a lead
hyperaccumulating plant, Hemidesmus indicus. The ability of this plant to
accumulate lead in shoots and roots was studied with pot experiments. The
results
showed that accumulation was maximum in roots for the first 1/3 weeks and later
for a contact period of three months, the accumulation rate was maximum in
shoots. In addition we used various chelating agents such as EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA
and CDTA to determine the best chemical modifier for efficient lead removal from
contaminated soils. The effect on lead accumulation of plant in the presence of
various metal co/ions was also studied. An attempt was made for the
decontamination of lead from five different "Real/life" soils of Kattedan using
H. indicus.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15620742 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
20: Indian J Exp Biol. 2003 Dec;41(12):1416/23.
Inhibition of cutaneous oxidative stress and two/stage skin carcinogenesis by
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) in Swiss albino mice.
Sultana S, Alam A, Khan N, Sharma S.
Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology, Department of Medical
Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard
University), New Delhi 110 062, India. sarwat786@rediffmail.com
Chemopreventive potential of H. indicus on 7,12/dimethyl/benz[a]anthracene
(DMBA)/initiated and 12/O/tetradecanoyl 13/phorbol acetate (TPA) promoted murine
skin carcinogenesis has been assessed. Topical application of H. indicus
resulted
in significant protection against cutaneous tumorigenesis. Topical application
of
plant extract prior to that of TPA resulted in significant inhibition against
TPA/caused induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and DNA
synthesis. Application of H. indicus at a dose level of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg body
weight in acetone prior to that of TPA treatment resulted in significant
inhibition of oxidative stress. The level of lipid peroxidation was
significantly
reduced. In addition, depleted levels of glutathione and reduced activities of
antioxidant enzymes were restored respectively). The results indicate that H.
indicus is a potent chemopreventive agent in skin carcinogenesis.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15320495 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
21: Phytother Res. 2004 Jul;18(7):511/5.
Enhancement in the absorption of water and electrolytes from rat intestine by
Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root (water extract).
Evans DA, Rajasekharan S, Subramoniam A.
Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Tropical Botanic Garden and
Research Institute Pacha/Palode, Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, India.
Hemidesmus indicus root in the form of suspension in water (10 mg/ml) containing
15.5 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl and 12 mM glucose, when injected into the ligated jejunal
sac (1 ml/sac) of rat, increased the absorption of water, Na(+) and K(+) (but
not
glucose) from the sac. This bioactivity was present in the water extract (5 or
10
mg/sac) of the root and not in the hexane extract. In contrast, the ethanol
extract decreased the absorption of water and electrolytes from the jejunal sac.
The effect of water extract was not affected by heat at 100 degrees C for 30
min.
Intraperitoneal administration of the water extract (50 to 200 mg/kg) was devoid
of any significant effect on the jejunal absorption. Neither the root suspension
nor the water extract (125/500 mg/kg) showed any significant anti/ulcer and
diuretic activities in rats. The intestinal motility was also not influenced by
the root (water extract) when tested in mice. The present study indicates that
H.
indicus root powder or its water extract can be incorporated in oral rehydrating
salt solution (ORS) for increasing its anti/diarrhoeal efficacy.
PMID: 15305307 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
22: Indian J Exp Biol. 2003 Apr;41(4):363/6.
Antidiarrhoeal effects of methanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus (Indian
sarsaparilla)//an in vitro and in vivo study.
Das S, Prakash R, Devaraj SN.
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Madras, Guindy
Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
Methanolic extract of H. indicus root (MHI) was screened for its antimicrobial
activity against S. typhimurium, E. coli and S. flexneri, in vitro and in
experimentally induced diarrhoea in albino rats, in vivo. MHI had an anti
enterobacteriae effect as evident from agar well diffusion method and decrease
in
CFU/ml in MHI treated LB broth culture. MHI inhibited the castor oil induced
diarrhoea in rats as judged by a decrease in the amount of wet faeces in
MHI/pretreated rats at a dose of 500/1500 mg/kg. The results indicated that MHI
was more active than standard antidiarrhoeal drug, lomotil. Phytochemical tests
revealed the main constituents as tannins, steroids, triterpenoids and
carbohydrates. Present findings suggested that MHI might elicit an
antidiarrhoeal
effect by inhibition of intestinal motility and by its bacteriocidal activity.
Publication Types:
In Vitro
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15255649 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
23: Nephrology (Carlton). 2004 Jun;9(3):142/52.
Renoprotective effect of Hemidesmus indicus, a herbal drug used in
gentamicin/induced renal toxicity.
Kotnis MS, Patel P, Menon SN, Sane RT.
Animal Testing Unit and Department of Chemistry, Ramnarian Ruia College,
Matunga,
Mumbai, India. mkotnis@yahoo.com
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Owing to the global trend towards improved 'quality of
life', there is considerable evidence of an increase in demand for medicinal
plants. The WHO guidelines define basic criteria for the standardization of
herbal medicines. The present work is an effort in this direction to prove the
safety and efficacy of Hemidesmus indicus Linn. in the management of
nephrotoxicity induced by aminoglycosides such as gentamicin. METHODS AND
RESULTS: Simple, quality control methods using high performance thin layer
chromatographic (HPTLC) phytochemical fingerprint, proximate analysis, and the
stability of the H. indicus root powder were developed. From the toxicity study
using albino Swiss mice, it was observed that the drug (H. indicus) was
relatively safe up to 7 g/kg bodyweight dose. Efficacy was evaluated against
gentamicin/induced nephrotoxicity in albino Wister rats. The study examined
animals from the following groups: no treatment, gentamicin treated, gentamicin
treated recovery, and gentamicin and plant treated. Animals from all groups were
killed on day 13 of the study; those from gentamicin treated group were killed
on
the seventh day. Assessment of the drug efficacy drug was conducted by using
haematological and histological examination. CONCLUSION: The treatment with H.
indicus helped in the management of renal impairment, which was induced by
gentamicin in rats. This is evident from the results obtained for various kidney
function tests for gentamicin, along with the results from the plant treated
group, and is in comparison with the results found for the gentamicin recovery
group. A histological examination of kidneys also supports the findings from
haematological evaluations. The plant shows promise as an adjunct therapy along
side aminoglycosides as it reduces nephrotoxicity caused by aminoglycosides.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15189175 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
24: J Hazard Mater. 2004 Apr 30;108(1/2):111/7.
Removal of lead from aqueous solutions using an immobilized biomaterial derived
from a plant biomass.
Chandra Sekhar K, Kamala CT, Chary NS, Sastry AR, Nageswara Rao T, Vairamani M.
Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Division, Discovery Lab (D/120),
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, AP, India.
kavi223@yahoo.com
Because of the severity of heavy metal contamination and potential adverse
health
impact on the public, a tremendous effort has taken place to purify waters
containing toxic metal ions. Traditional methods which have been employed prove
to be costly and prohibitive for low level waste remediation. Biosorption is
presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing
toxic metals from ground and wastewaters. Most recently, plant based
biomaterials
have been of interest. The bark of Hemidesmus indicus, an extensively available
plant biomass commonly called as Indian sarsaparilla was used as biomaterial for
removal of lead from aqueous streams. Batch experiments were carried out with
immobilized biomass of H. indicus (IPBFIX) to optimize the experimental
parameters like effect of contact time, initial metal concentration, initial
IPBFIX concentration and co/metal ion effect on biosorption of lead from
contaminated waters. Column experiments were performed under flow conditions for
regeneration and recycle efficiency of IPBFIX and was found to be effective for
three cycles. Elution experiments were carried out to remove lead ions from
loaded IPBFIX and 100% elution was achieved with a 0.1M HNO(3) solution. The
effectiveness of the IPBFIX for biosorption of lead ions was demonstrated using
the wastewater samples emanating from a non/ferrous metal industry and the
results are presented in this paper. The results from these studies will be
useful for a novel phytofiltration technology to remove and recover lead from
wastewaters and this can also be well adapted for secondary treatment or
polishing of wastewaters. An attempt has been made to remove lead from the lead
polluted waters (both ground and surface) from an industrially contaminated
sites.
PMID: 15081169 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
25: J Carcinog. 2003 Oct 18;2(1):6.
Protection against diethylnitrosoamine/induced hepatocarcinogenesis by an
indigenous medicine comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax
glabra: a preliminary study.
Iddamaldeniya SS, Wickramasinghe N, Thabrew I, Ratnatunge N, Thammitiyagodage
MG.
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Kelaniya, Talagolle Roaf, Ragama, Sri Lanka. mrthab@dynaweb.lk
BACKGROUND: A decoction comprised of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus
root and Smilax glabra rhizome is used to treat cancer patients in Sri Lanka.
However, the anti/carcinogenic properties of this decoction have not been
experimentally confirmed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the
above decoction could protect against chemically induce hepatocarcinogenesis.
METHODS: The effects of this decoction on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced
hepatocarcinogenesis were examined in male Wistar rats using the medium term
bioassay system of Ito, based on a 2/step model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats
were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 each. Groups 1 to 4 were injected with
DEN (200 mg/kg) to initiate carcinogenesis. Twenty/four hours later groups 1 and
2 were administered the decoction at 4 g/kg body weight/day (dose 1) and 6 g/kg
body weight/day (dose 2), respectively. Group 3 and group 4 were given distilled
water instead of the decoction and a suspension of garlic powder (20 g/kg body
weight/day) in distilled water (positive control), respectively. Group 5 and 6
were injected with normal saline and twenty/four hours later group 5 was given
distilled water (normal control) while group 6 was given decoction dose 2
(decoction control). Oral feeding continued for two weeks after which all rats
were subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy to promote carcinogenesis. Oral
feeding
continued for eight more weeks. At the end of the 10th week, rats were
sacrificed
and samples of livers taken for immunohistochemical studies.Carcinogenic
potential was scored by comparing the number, area and staining intensity of
glutathione S/transferase placental form (GST/P) positive foci and the number of
cells/cm2 of the positive foci in the livers of the six groups of rats. RESULTS:
The number and area of DEN/mediated GST/P positive foci, number of cells/cm2 of
foci and staining intensity of the foci were significantly (P > 0.001) reduced
by
the decoction and garlic in the order dose 2 = garlic >dose 1. CONCLUSION:
Overall results indicate that the decoction comprised of N. sativa, S. glabra
and
H. indicus has the potential to protect rat liver against DEN induced
hepatocarcinogenesis
PMID: 14613573 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
26: Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6/7):474/82.
Antiatherogenic effect of Caps HT2, a herbal Ayurvedic medicine formulation.
Mary NK, Babu BH, Padikkala J.
Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
The antiatherogenic effect of a herbal formulation, Caps HT2, was evaluated as
antioxidant, anticoagulant, platelet antiaggregatory, lipoprotein lipase
releasing, anti/inflammatory and hypolipidaemic activity in rats. The
formulation
contained the methanolic extracts of selected parts of plants, Commiphora mukul,
Allium sativum, Plumbago indica, Semecarpus anacardium, Hemidesmus indicus,
Terminalia arjuna, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum.
The formulation, Caps HT2 was found to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl
radicals;
the IC50 required being 55.0 and 610.0 microg/ml respectively. The lipid
peroxidation was found inhibited (50%) by 48.5 microg/ml of Caps HT2. The
intravenous administration of the formulation (5 mg/kg) delayed the plasma
recalcification time in rabbits and enhanced the release of lipoprotein lipase
enzyme significantly (p < 0.001). The formulation also inhibited ADP induced
platelet aggregation in vitro, which was comparable to commercial heparin. The
anti/inflammatory action of the formulation was significant (p < 0.001) with
acute and chronic inflammations induced by carrageenan and formalin respectively
in rats. The hypolipidaemic effect of Caps HT2 was significant (p < 0.001) with
the administration of the formulation, in diet/induced hyperlipidaemia of rats
for a period of 30 days. Oral administration of the formulation, Caps HT2 (100,
200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) significantly raised HDL cholesterol levels. The
atherogenic index and the reduction in body weight were significant indicating
the effectiveness against hyperlipidaemia and obesity. All these results
revealed
the therapeutic potential of Caps HT2 against vascular intimal damage and
atherogenesis leading to various types of cardiovascular problems.
PMID: 13678230 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
27: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Aug;87(2/3):187/91.
In vitro antioxidant and antithrombotic activity of Hemidesmus indicus (L) R.Br.
Mary NK, Achuthan CR, Babu BH, Padikkala J.
Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala 680 553, India.
jpadikkala@rediffmail.com
The methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus (L) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae) roots
was
found to inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide
radicals
in vitro. The amount required for 50% inhibition of lipid peroxide formation was
217.5 micro g/ml. The concentrations needed to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide
radicals were 73.5 and 287.5 micro g/ml, respectively. The intravenous
administration of this extract (5mg/kg body weight) in rabbits delayed the
plasma
recalcification time and enhanced the release of lipoprotein lipase enzyme
significantly. The extract also inhibited ADP/induced platelet aggregation in
vitro (50/250 micro g), which was comparable to commercial heparin.
Publication Types:
In Vitro
PMID: 12860306 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
28: J AOAC Int. 2003 May/Jun;86(3):564/7.
Determination of 2/hydroxy/4/methoxybenzaldehyde in roots of Decalepis
hamiltonii
(Wight & Arn.) and Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.
Nagarajan S, Rao LJ.
Central Food Technological Research Institute, Plantation Products, Spices and
Flavor Technology Department, Mysore 570 013, India.
The roots of Decalepis hamiltonii and Hemidesmus indicus are aromatic and
possess
the crystalline compound 2/hydroxy/4/methoxybenzaldehyde as the major compound
(>
90%) in their volatile oils. A gas chromatographic procedure was developed for
the assay of 2/hydroxy/4/methoxybenzaldehyde in both fresh and dried roots of
different origin. Benzyl butyrate was used as the internal standard. Among the
methods tried, steam hydrodistillation was suitable for extraction of the
volatile oils. The quantity of this aromatic compound varied from 0.03 to 0.54%.
PMID: 12852577 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
29: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2/3):149/56.
Biochemical studies on the anti/ulcerogenic potential of Hemidesmus indicus
R.Br.
var. indicus.
Anoop A, Jegadeesan M.
Research and Development, Pharm Products Pvt Ltd, Vijai Medical College Road,
Thanjavur 613007, India. anoop_austin@yahoo.com
Roots of Hemidesmus indicus var. indicus are used for various ailments in Indian
traditional medicines. The present study evaluated the antiulcerogenic property
of aqueous ethanolic extracts of the roots in animal models. Modified pyloric
ligated (Shay) rat model and aspirin/induced ulcerogenesis in pylorus ligated
rat
models were used for this study and analysed for gastric volume, ulcer score,
pH,
free and total acidity and sodium and potassium ion output. Bio/chemical
estimations like total proteins, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid
and pepsin were also made. Ulcer score was calculated for cysteamine/induced
duodenal ulcer model. Roots collected during flowering season were found to be
more effective than that collected during vegetative seasons. Copyright 2002
Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
PMID: 12648808 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
30: Phytomedicine. 2003 Jan;10(1):34/8.
Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes/induced mediators of inflammation by
Indian
herbs.
Jain A, Basal E.
Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India.
amita602002@yahoo.com
Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic pathogen, plays an important role in the
pathogenesis of acne by inducing certain inflammatory mediators. These mediators
include reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro/inflammatory cytokines. In the
present study, ROS, interleukin/8 (IL/8) and tumor necrosis factor/alpha
(TNF/alpha) were used as the major criteria for the evaluation of
anti/inflammatory activity. To prove the anti/inflammatory effects of herbs,
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and monocytes were treated with culture
supernatant of P. acnes in the presence or absence of herbs. It was found that
Rubia cordifolia, Curcuma longa, Hemidesmus indicus, and Azadirachta indica
caused a statistically significant suppression of ROS from PMNL. Sphaeranthus
indicus caused a smaller, still significant suppression of ROS. Aloe vera had no
effect on ROS production. In the case of proinflammatory cytokine/induced
monocytes, maximum suppression was shown by Azadirachta indica and Sphaeranthus
indicus, followed by Hemidesmus indicus, Rubia cordifolia, and Curcuma longa.
Aloe vera showed insignificant inhibitory activity. Thus, these herbs shows
anti/inflammatory activity by suppressing the capacity of P. acnes/induced ROS
and pro/inflammatory cytokines, the two important inflammatory mediators in acne
pathogenesis.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12622461 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
31: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Mar;85(1):33/41.
Modulation of biochemical parameters by Hemidesmus indicus in cumene
hydroperoxide/induced murine skin: possible role in protection against free
radicals/induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion.
Sultana S, Khan N, Sharma S, Alam A.
Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology, Department of Medical
Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard
University), New Delhi 110062, India. sarwat786@rediffmail.com
Hemidesmus indicus has been shown to possess significant activity against
immunotoxicity and other pharmacological and physiological disorders. In this
communication, we have shown the modulating effect of H. indicus on cumene
hydroperoxide/mediated cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion response
in
murine skin. Cumene hydroperoxide treatment (30 mg per animal) increased
cutaneous microsomal lipid peroxidation and induction of xanthine oxidase
activity which are accompanied by decrease in the activities of cutaneous
antioxidant enzymes and depletion in the level of glutathione. Parallel to these
changes a sharp decrease in the activities of phase II metabolizing enzymes was
observed. Cumene hydroperoxide treatment also induced the ornithine
decarboxylase
activity and enhanced the [3H]/thymidine uptake in DNA synthesis in murine skin.
Application of ethanolic extract of H. indicus at a dose level of 1.5 and
3.0mg/kg body weight in acetone prior to that of cumene hydroperoxide treatment
resulted in significant inhibition of cumene hydroperoxide/induced cutaneous
oxidative stress, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and enhanced DNA
synthesis in a dose/dependent manner. Enhanced susceptibility of cutaneous
microsomal membrane for lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity were
significantly reduced (P<0.01). In addition the depleted level of glutathione,
inhibited activities of antioxidants and phase II metabolizing enzymes were
recovered to significant level (P<0.05). In summary, our data suggest that H.
indicus is an effective chemopreventive agent in skin and capable of
ameliorating
hydroperoxide/induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion.
PMID: 12576200 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
32: Phytomedicine. 2002 Mar;9(2):153/60.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of root bark of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.
(Anantmul).
Ravishankara MN, Shrivastava N, Padh H, Rajani M.
B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development Centre, Thaltej,
Ahmedabad, India.
Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a well known drug in Ayurveda
system of medicine. In the present study, antioxidant activity of methanolic
extract of H. indicus root bark was evaluated in several in vitro and ex vivo
models. Further, preliminary phytochemical analysis and TLC fingerprint profile
of the extract was established to characterize the extract which showed
antioxidant properties. The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant potential of root
bark of H. indicus was evaluated in different systems viz. radical scavenging
activity by DPPH reduction, superoxide radical scavenging activity in
riboflavin/light/NBT system, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity in
sodium nitroprusside/Greiss reagent system and inhibition of lipid peroxidation
induced by iron/ADP/ascorbate in liver homogenate and phenylhydrazine induced
haemolysis in erythrocyte membrane stabilization study. The extract was found to
have different levels of antioxidant properties in the models tested. In
scavenging DPPH and superoxide radicals, its activity was intense (EC50 = 18.87
and 19.9 microg/ml respectively) while in scavenging NO radical, it was
moderate.
It also inhibited lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate (EC50 = 43.8 microg/ml)
and the haemolysis induced by phenylhydrazine (EC50 = 9.74 microg/ml) confirming
the membrane stabilization activity. The free radical scavenging property may be
one of the mechanisms by which this drug is effective in several free radical
mediated disease conditions.
PMID: 11995949 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
33: Fitoterapia. 2000 Feb;71(1):55/9.
Protective effect of Hemidesmus indicus against rifampicin and isoniazid/induced
hepatotoxicity in rats.
Prabakan M, Anandan R, Devaki T.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Madras, Guindy
Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
Oral treatment with the ethanol extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots (100 mg/kg,
for 15 days) significantly prevented rifampicin and isoniazid/induced
hepatotoxicity in rats.
PMID: 11449471 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
34: Pharmazie. 2001 Mar;56(3):244/6.
New pentacyclic triterpenes from the roots of Hemidesmus indicus.
Roy SK, Ali M, Sharma MP, Ramachandram R.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New
Delhi, India.
Phytochemical studies on the roots of Hemidesmus indicus resulted in the
isolation of six new pentacyclic triterpenes including two oleanenes identified
as olean/12/en/21 beta/yl acetate, and olean/12/en/3 alpha/yl acetate, three
ursenes characterized as 16(17)/seco/urs/12,20(30)/dien/18 alpha H/3 beta/yl
actetate, urs/20(30)/en/18 beta H/3 beta/yl acetate and
16(17)/seco/urs/12,20(30)
dien/18/alpha H/3 beta/ol and a lupene formulated us lup/1,12/dien/3/on/21/ol
including a known compound, beta/amyrin acetate, on the basis of spectroscopic
techniques and chemical means.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 11265594 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
35: Phytochemistry. 2000 Aug;54(8):983/7.
C21 steroidal glycosides from Hemidesmus indicus.
Sigler P, Saksena R, Deepak D, Khare A.
Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, India.
Two novel pregnane glycosides, denicunine (1) and heminine (4), have been
isolated from the dried stem of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. (family:
Asclepiadaceae). Chemical transformations and spectroscopic evidence viz: 1H and
13C NMR spectroscopy and FABMS are consistent with the structures calogenin
3/O/3/O/methyl/beta/D/fucopyranosyl/(1//>4)/O/beta/D/oleandropyranosi de and
calogenin 3/O/beta/D/cymaropyranosyl/(1//>4)/O/beta/D/digitoxopyranoside+ ++,
respectively.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 11014302 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
36: Toxicon. 1998 Oct;36(10):1423/31.
Adjuvant effects and antiserum action potentiation by a (herbal) compound
2/hydroxy/4/methoxy benzoic acid isolated from the root extract of the Indian
medicinal plant 'sarsaparilla' (Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.).
Alam MI, Gomes A.
Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, India.
The adjuvant effect and antiserum potentiation of a compound 2/hydroxy/4/methoxy
benzoic acid were explored in the present investigation. This compound, isolated
and purified from the Indian medicinal plant Hemidesmus indicus R. Br, possessed
antisnake venom activity. Rabbits immunized with Vipera russellii venom in the
presence and absence of the compound along with Freund's complete adjuvant,
produced a precipitating band in immunogel diffusion and immunogel
electrophoresis. The venom neutralizing capacity of this antiserum showed
positive adjuvant effects as evident by the higher neutralization capacity
(lethal and hemorrhage) when compared with the antiserum raised with venom
alone.
The pure compound potentiated the lethal action neutralization of venom by
commercial equine polyvalent snake venom antiserum in experimental models. These
observations raised the possibility of the use of chemical antagonists (from
herbs) against snake bite, which may provide a better protection in presence of
antiserum, especially in the rural parts of India.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 9723840 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
37: Toxicon. 1998 Jan;36(1):207/15.
Viper venom/induced inflammation and inhibition of free radical formation by
pure
compound (2/hydroxy/4/methoxy benzoic acid) isolated and purified from anantamul
(Hemidesmus indicus R. BR) root extract.
Alam MI, Gomes A.
Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, India.
The present investigation explored the possible venom neutralizing effect of a
pure compound (2/hydroxy/4/methoxy benzoic acid) isolated and purified from the
methanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Rr. 2/OH/4/MeO benzoic acid
possessed potent anti/inflammatory, antipyretic and antioxidant properties. The
compound effectively neutralized inflammation induced by Vipera russelli venom
in
male albino mice and reduced cotton pellet/induced granuloma in rats. The
compound produced a significant fall in body temperature in yeast/induced
pyrexia
in rats but did not change the normothermic body temperature. The compound
effectively neutralized viper venom/induced changes in serum phosphatase and
transaminase activity in male albino rats. It also neutralized free radical
formation as estimated by TBAPS and superoxide dismutase activities. The
antisnake venom activity of the pure compound is partly mediated through the
above physiological process.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 9604294 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
38: Hindustan Antibiot Bull. 1997 Feb/Nov;39(1/4):56/60.
In vitro evaluation of inhibitory nature of extracts of 18/plant species of
Chhindwara against 3/keratinophilic fungi.
Qureshi S, Rai MK, Agrawal SC.
Department of Botany, Danielson College, Chhindwara, India.
Effect of extract of 18 plant species, viz., Acorus calamus, Adhatoda vasica,
Amomum subulatum, Andrographis paniculata, Boerhaavia diffusa, Cassia
occidentalis, Centella asiatica, Cymbopogon citratus, Hemidesmus indicus, Hyptis
suaveolens, Malvestrum sp., Passiflora edulis, Pergularia daemia, Peristrophe
bicalyculata, Shuteria hirsuta, Solanum nigrum, Tecoma stans, and Verbascum
chinense on the growth of Microsporum gypseum, Chrysosporium tropicum and
Trichophyton terrestre was evaluated and discussed. The sensitivity of the
keratinophilic fungi was evaluated by dry/weight method. The maximum inhibition
of mycelial growth was shown by M. gypseum (86.62%) followed by T. terrestre
(81.86%) and C. tropicum (74.06%) when treated with S. hirsuta whereas the
minimum inhibition was exhibited by M. gypseum (0.29%), C. tropicum (0.16%) and
T. terrestre (1.76%) when tested with the extract of P. edulis, A. vasica and B.
diffusa respectively.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 10386016 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
39: Phytochemistry. 1997 Jan;44(1):145/51.
Pregnane glycosides from Hemidesmus indicus.
Deepak D, Srivastava S, Khare A.
Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, India.
Three new pregnane oligoglycosides, medidesmine, hemisine and desmisine isolated
from the plant Hemidesmus indicus were identified as
sarcostin/3/O/alpha/D/glucopyranosyl (1 //> 4)/O/beta/D/digitoxopyranosyl (1 //>
4)/O/beta/D/oleandropyranoside, calogenin/3/O/beta/D/cymaropyranosyl (1 //>
4)/O[3/O/methyl]beta/D/glucopyranosyl (1 //> 4)/O/beta/D/glucopyranosyl (1 //>
4)/O/beta/D/cymaropyranoside and calogenin/3/O/beta/D/xylopyranosyl (1 //>
4)/O/beta/D/digitoxopyranosyl (1 //> 4)/O/beta/D/xylopyranosyl (1 //>
4)/O/beta/D/digitoxopyranoside, respectively, with the help of FAB/MS, EI/MS, 1H
and 13C NMR spectroscopy, along with chemical transformations.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 8983217 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
40: Toxicon. 1994 Dec;32(12):1551/7.
Isolation, purification and partial characterization of viper venom inhibiting
factor from the root extract of the Indian medicinal plant sarsaparilla
(Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.).
Alam MI, Auddy B, Gomes A.
Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, India.
An organic acid, isolated and purified from the root extract of an Indian
medicinal plant sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus R. Br, possessed viper venom
inhibitory activity. The compound (designated HI/RVIF) was isolated by solvent
extraction, silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography, and
was homogeneous in nature. The white needle/shaped crystals were soluble in
water, methanol and chloroform and had a melting point of 155/158 degrees C and
lambda max 260 nm. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of a benzene ring,
methoxy group, and hydroxyl group; the mol. wt of the compound was 168. HI/RVIF
significantly antagonized viper venom/induced lethal, haemorrhagic, coagulant
and
anticoagulant activity in experimental rodents.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 7725324 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
41: J Ethnopharmacol. 1986 Nov;18(2):133/41.
Immunomodulating agents of plant origin. I: Preliminary screening.
Atal CK, Sharma ML, Kaul A, Khajuria A.
The immunobiological activity was investigated of certain medicinal plants
widely
used in the Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine for treatment of chronic
infections and immunological disorders. The effect of an ethanolic extract of
each drug was studied on delayed type hypersensitivity, humoral responses to
sheep red blood cells, skin allograft rejection, and phagocytic activity of the
reticuloendothelial system in mice. Picrorhiza kurroa was found to be a potent
immunostimulant, stimulating both cell/mediated and humoral immunity. Tylophora
indica, Aconitum heterophyllum and Holarrhena antidysenterica appeared to
stimulate phagocytic function while inhibiting the humoral component of the
immune system. Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum gratissimum appeared to improve
the phagocytic function without affecting the humoral or cell/mediated immune
system. Hemidesmus indicus suppressed both the cell/mediated and humoral
components of the immune system.
PMID: 3560991 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
42: J Ethnopharmacol. 1985 Jul;13(3):323/35.
Studies of medicinal plants of Sri Lanka. Part 14: Toxicity of some traditional
medicinal herbs.
Arseculeratne SN, Gunatilaka AA, Panabokke RG.
Seventy five medicinal plants of the traditional Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of Sri
Lanka have been screened chemically for alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Of
these, Crotolaria juncea L. was found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids with
biological effects consistent with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity. Feeding
trials in rats with three plants lacking pyrrolizidine alkaloids, namely Aegle
marmelos (L.) Corr., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Ait. F. and Terminalia chebula
Retz.
produced hepatic lesions which included central vein abnormalities while
Terminalia chebula and Withania somnifera (L.) dunal produced marked renal
lesions.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 4058035 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
43: Lepr India. 1981 Jul;53(3):354/9.
Antileprotic action of an extract from "Anantamul' (Hemidesmus Indicus R. Br.).
Gupta PN.
Evaluation of antileprotic activity of indigenous drugs has of late become
important. With this idea "Anantamul' an indigenous drug was for the first time
tested on mice infected with M. leprae. The results are interesting and
encouraging. There seems to be a definite evidence in support of the drug
causing
a delay in multiplication of organisms in the mouse foot/pads.
PMID: 7278140 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
44: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1962 Jan;6:68/76.
Preliminary study of pharmacologic properties of Anantmul (Hemidesmus indicus).
SATOSKAR RS, SHAH LG, BHATT K, SHETH UK.
PMID: 14497470 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
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